Sockets¶

This module provides access to an almost complete BSD socket interface. However, some behaviour may be dependent on the underlying network driver.

The following constants are defined:

• For socket families: AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_CAN

• For socket types: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW

• For socket options: SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, SO_REUSEADDR

IPv4 addresses can be passed to functions and methods in the following forms:

• string, e.g. “192.168.1.10”

• tuple, e.g. (192,168,1,10)

• tuple of ip and port, e.g. (“192.168.1.10”,8080)

• tuple of ip and port, e.g. (192,168,1,10,8080)

if a port is required but not given, it is set to zero.

ip_to_tuple()

Return a tuple of four integers from a ip address of the form “x.y.z.w”.

The socket class¶

socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=IPPROTO_TCP, fileno=None)

This class represents a BSD socket.

Raise __builtins__.IOError exceptions if socket creation goes wrong.

Sockets can be used like this:

# import the socket module
import socket
# import a module to access a net driver (wifi, eth,...)
from wireless import wifi
# import the actual net driver
from driver.wifi.your_preferred_net_driver import your_preferred_net_driver

# init the driver
your_preferred_net_driver.init()

# link the wifi to an AP
wifi.link("Your Wifi SSID",WIFI_WPA2,"Your Wifi Password")

# create a tcp socket
sock = socket.socket(type=SOCK_STREAM)

# connect the socket to net address 192.168.1.10 on port 5555
sock.connect(("192.168.1.10",5555))

# send something on the socket!
sock.sendall("Hello World!")

fileno()

Return an integer identifying the underlying socket number.

connect(address)

Tries to connect the underlying socket (tcp or udp) to address. A tcp socket must be connected to be used successfully. Udp sockets are connectionless and everytime a datagram is sent, the receiver address must be specified (sendto()). However if an udp socket is connected to an address, it can be used with methods like recv() and send() without specifying a receiver address. When an udp socket is connected to address, datagram packets coming from addresses different from address are ignored.

close()

Closes the underlying socket. No more input/output operations are possible.

recv(bufsize, flags=0)

Reads at most bufsize bytes from the underlying socket. It blocks until bufsize bytes are received or an error occurs.

Returns a bytearray containing the received bytes.

recv_into(buffer, bufsize=-1, flags=0)

Reads at most bufsize bytes from the underlying socket into buffer. It blocks until bufsize bytes are received or an error occurs.

Returns the number of received bytes.

recvfrom(bufsize, flags=0)

Reads at most bufsize bytes from the underlying udp socket. It blocks until a datagram is received.

Returns a tuple (data, address) where data is a bytearray containing the received bytes and address is the net address of the sender.

recvfrom_into(buffer, bufsize=-1, flags=0)

Reads at most bufsize bytes from the underlying udp socket into buffer. It blocks until a datagram is received. If bufsize is not given or is less than 0, bufsize is set to len(buffer).

Returns a tuple (rd, address) where rd is the number of bytes received and address is the net address of the sender.

send(buffer, flags=0)

Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote socket.

Returns the number of bytes sent. Applications are responsible for checking that all data has been sent; if only some of the data was transmitted, the application needs to attempt delivery of the remaining data.

sendall(buffer, flags=0)

Send all data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote socket.

Unlike send(), this method continues to send data from bytes until either all data has been sent or an error occurs. None is returned on success. On error, an exception is raised, and there is no way to determine how much data, if any, was successfully sent.

sendto(buffer, address, flags=0)

Send data to the socket. The socket should not be connected to a remote socket, since the destination socket is specified by address. Return the number of bytes sent

settimeout(timeout)

Set a timeout on blocking socket operations. The timeout argument can be a nonnegative integer number expressing milliseconds, or None. If a non-zero value is given, subsequent socket operations will raise a timeout exception if the timeout period value has elapsed before the operation has completed. If zero is given, the socket is put in non-blocking mode. If None is given, the socket is put in blocking mode.

bind(address)

Binds the socket to address. address can be:

• an integer representing a port number. In this case ip is set to the local one

• an ip address with a port

A tcp socket needs binding when it is used to accept incoming connection (e.g. a http server socket). A udp socket needs to be bound before any input/output operation. After binding, the udp socket will receive every packet incoming to address.

listen(maxlog=2)

Enables listening on the underlying tcp socket. A tcp socket in listening state can be used as a server socket to accept incoming connection. maxlog specifies the maximum number of waiting connections.

accept()

Blocks until an incoming connection is made on the underlying tcp socket.

Returns a tuple (sock, address) where sock is a socket stream that can be used to communicate with the client and address is the client address.

Here is an example of tcp server socket:

# import the socket module
import socket
# import a module to access a net driver (wifi, eth,...)
from wireless import wifi
# import the actual net driver
from driver.wifi.your_preferred_net_driver import your_preferred_net_driver

# init the driver
your_preferred_net_driver.init()

# link the wifi to an AP
wifi.link("Your Wifi SSID",WIFI_WPA2,"Your Wifi Password")

# create a tcp socket
sock = socket.socket(type=SOCK_STREAM)

# bind the socket to port 80
sock.bind(80)

# set the socket in listening mode
sock.listen()

while True:
    # accept incoming connections from clients
    client,addr = sock.accept()
    # send something to the client and close
    client.sendall("Hello!")
    client.close()